Seeing 2020 with ADS-B™
978 - The frequency in MHz used by the Universal Access Transceiver (UAT), see under UAT
1030 - The frequency in MHz used by radar transponders for receiving TCAS signals.
1090 - The frequency in MHz used by radar transponders for transmitting.
1090ES - 1090 Extended Squitter. Squitter messages are down-link transmissions at a constant rate ("squirting" the data, hence "squitter") from a Mode S radar transponder system. This allows passive acquisition of the data by other aircraft (that is, without the need for interrogation), for Traffic Alert (TA) and other purposes.
2D Position - A navigational position in terms of plan (horizontal) position (ie lat/long). In GNSS systems, at least three position lines (ie correct data from three satellites) are needed for a 2D fix. With multi-channel GNSS receivers capable of receiving signals from 12 satellites at one time (if they are above the horizon at the time), this is normally academic. However, where signal strength to the receiver is poor due to a defect such as an antenna fault, or flying in a deep valley, 2D fixes may be produced.
3D Position - A navigational position in terms of plan (horizontal) position and altitude. In GNSS systems, at least four position lines (ie correct data from four satellites) are needed for a 3D fix. With multi-channel GNSS receivers capable of receiving signals from 12 satellites at one time (if they are above the horizon at the time), this is normally academic. However, where signal strength to the receiver is poor due to a defect or flying in a deep valley, 3D fixes using data from only 4 satellites may be produced.
GNSS Altitude -. Due to the geometry of the lines-of-position between the satellites and the surface of the earth, errors in recorded GPS altitude will be not less than between 1.8 and 2.2 times those in latitude and longitude. In addition, GNSS altitude figures from low-cost receivers are more subject to short-term variations compared to lat/long figures.
4D Position - A navigational position in terms of plan (horizontal) position, altitude, and time. Since highly accurate time is an integral part of the principle of operation of a GNSS system, it is automatically available with every GNSS fix.
Absolute Altitude - The measurable height of an aircraft above the actual terrain.
ACK - Each time the transponder receives a message, it responds with an acknowledgement message indicating that the information was received and set correctly. The acknowledgement message also contains transponder status information. This message is called the Acknowledge Message or ACK for short.
ADS-B - Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is an emerging system for cooperative air traffic control. A Mode S transponder with Extended Squitter capability or other transmitter using a different data link standard broadcasts GPS and other relevant data to the ATC system and nearby aircraft suitably equipped. Some transmitters broadcast only ADS-B data while others roadcast and receive ADS-B data.
ADS-B MOPS - Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) minimum operational performance standards published by the RTCA. DO-260B applies to the 1090 MHz data link standard and DO-282B applies to the 978 MHz UAT data link standard.
AHRS (Synthetic Vision) - Attitude Heading Reference System.
Air Traffic Control Assigned Airspace – Airspace of defined vertical/lateral limits, assigned by ATC, for the purpose of providing air traffic segregation between the specified activity being conducted within the assigned airspace and other IFR traffic.
ATC - The air traffic control system uses ground based hardware and air traffic controllers to direct aircraft traffic.
Autonomous Operation – Operations that do not require direct pilot control.
Data-Burst Technology - (Patent Pending by Sagetech) Only Clarity ADS-B receivers transmit stored weather and FIS-B data.
Civil Aircraft – aircraft other than public aircraft.
Command and Control Link – The two-way data link between the Remotely Operated Aircraft (ROA) pilot and the ROA that is used to control and monitor the health and status of the ROA.
Concept of Operation – A detailed description of the means for implementing an operational concept that is necessary to integrate Remotely Operated Aircraft (ROA) into the NAS in order to accommodate a “file and fly” capability.
Control Station – The equipment from which the HALE ROA’s pilot remotely controls and monitors the flight and mission activity of the ROA.
CSA - Conflict Situational Awareness. This is a term used in the Garmin GDL 90 specification. Clarity does not support CSA.
Detect, See, and Avoid – The ability to sense traffic which may be a conflict, evaluate flight paths, determine traffic right-of-way, and maneuver to avoid other traffic.
Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) is an electronic information management device that helps flight crews perform flight management tasks more easily and efficiently with less paper.
Extended Squitter (ES) is a periodic message transmitted automatically, without the transponder first being interrogated. This message typically provides identification, position, velocity, status, and other aircraft data.
GPRMC - Recommended minimum NMEA 0183 sentence that contains all of the basic GPS requirements for a transponder.
GPS - A space-based Global Positioning System that provides reliable and accurate location and time information.
HFOM - Horizontal Figure of Merit
HPL - Horizontal Protection Limit
ICAO address - A 24-bit address used to identify aircraft. ICAO stands for International Civil Aviation Organization.
Ident - Ident is short for identify. When air traffic control requests that the aircraft “identify,” the pilot uses the Ident function to send a message to ATC that enhances or exaggerates the blip on the air traffic controller’s radar screen. As such, the Ident function should only be activated at the request of ATC.
Line-of-Sight - The condition where the air vehicle control station and the Remotely Operated Aircraft (ROA) are within electronic point-to-point link.
Manned Aircraft - Aircraft that are piloted by a human onboard.
Mission Area – Airspace of defined horizontal and vertical dimensions and a defined duration within which the Remotely Operated Aircraft (ROA) may operate freely, and not associated with the flight route between the departure and arrival airport(s).
MOPS - Minimum Operational Performance Standards.
NACp - Navigation Accuracy Category for position
NEXRAD or Nexrad (Next-Generation Radar) is a network of 159 high-resolution Doppler weather radars operated by the National Weather Service
NIC - Navigational Integrity Category
NMEA 0183 message (using GPRMC) - The National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) defines a messaging protocol called 0183. GPRMC is a specific message type within that protocol.
Non-volatile Memory - Data stored in non-volatile memory is not lost when power to the device is removed or interrupted.
NOTAM or NoTAM - is the quasi-acronym for "Notices To Airmen". NOTAMs are created and transmitted by government agencies and airport operators
Operator - The individual that monitors and controls an Remotely Operated Aircraft (ROA) through near-real-time issuance of command and control input to the aircraft and posses the applicable aeronautical knowledge but is not necessarily an FAA rated pilot.
Over-the-Horizon – The condition where the control station and the ROA are beyond line-of-site from each other.
Remotely Operated Aircraft (ROA) – An aircraft that is operated from a remote location by an operator that issues command and control instructions to the aircraft, which are executed near real-time by an onboard autonomous flight management control system.
Remotely Piloted Aircraft – An aircraft that is operated from a remote location by a pilot that issues command and control instructions to the aircraft, which are executed real-time by an onboard autonomous flight management control system.
Sagetech360 Internal Phased Array Antenna - (Patent Pending by Sagetech) Multi-element internal antenna providing omnidirectional sensitivity.
Squawk code - The ATC system for a given geographic area assigns a unique four digit number to each transponder equipped aircraft in that area. This number is called a squawk code, and it is transmitted by the transponder when ATC makes the appropriate request to aid in aircraft identification.
Synthetic Vision AHRS - Attitude Heading Reference System.
TIS-B - Traffic Information Services Broadcast. TIS-B complements the operation of ADS-B by providing ground-to-air broadcast of surveillance data on aircraft not equipped for ADS-B.
TSO - A Technical Standard Order is a minimum performance standard set by the FAA for specified materials, parts, and appliances used on civil aircraft. When authorized to manufacture a material, part, or appliances to a TSO standard, this is referred to as TSO authorization. Receiving a TSO authorization is both design and production approval. Receiving a TSO Authorization is not an approval to install and use 16 XP Transponders User Guide Rev 1.2 the article in the aircraft. It means that the article meets the specific TSO and the applicant is authorized to manufacture it.
UAT - Universal Access Transceiver
UTC - Coordinated universal time.
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) - Is an air navigation aid developed by the FAA to augment the GPS, with the goal of improving its accuracy, integrity, and availability.
Wi-Fi - is technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly.
